ABSTRACT
Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in tumor progression. CircPVT1 is an oncogene that is abnormally expressed and correlated with a variety of tumors. It can regulate tumors' malignant behavior and affect the survival and prognosis of patients. This article reviews research on the regulatory roles of circPVT1 in tumors to provide references for accurate treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.
ABSTRACT
Circular RNA is a kind of single-stranded RNA ring without 5'capping and 3'polyadenylation.As a new member of non-coding RNA, circular RNA is evolutionally conserved, relatively stable,highly specific and enormously abundant.Instead of liner RNA,circular RNA became the research hotspot.So far,cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense(CDR1as)is a molecule that has garnered intense research.CDR1as harbors 74 conventional miRNA-7 binding sites.Expression of CDR1as efficiently tethers micro RNA-7, resulting in reduced micro RNA-7 activity and increased levels of micro RNA-7 targeted transcripts consistent with the micro RNA sponge and competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)hypothesis.Moreover,CDR1as can restore micro RNA-7 and release it at right time.CDR1as can be stabilized in the exosomes.And its level has correlation with many clinical characteristics.
ABSTRACT
HOXD-AS1 is a recently discovered pivotal cancer-related long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) .Abnormal expression of HOXD-AS1 exhibits a regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors,and is expected to become a new tumor marker.Clarifying the mechanism of HOXD-AS1 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential intervention targets for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.This article reviews the current research status of HOXD-AS1 in tumors.
ABSTRACT
Colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is found recently an important member of cancer-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).Dysregulation of CCAT2 plays a pivotal role in tumor pathophysiological processes,especially in tumourigenesis and progression of digestive system neoplasms,thus,CCAT2 likely represents a novel cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CCAT2 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential interventional target for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.The present review summarizes current evidences of CCAT2 in digestive system neoplasms.
ABSTRACT
As the crucial member of noncoding RNA family,there is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNA has participated in numerous physiological and pathological processes of organisms.HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA is a long noncoding transcript located at the 5'tip of HOXA.According to research reports,the up-regulation of HOTTIP is closely associated with occurrence and progression of multiple digestive system cancers and promotes the carcinogenesis.The regulatory effect of long noncoding RNA HOXA distal transcript antisense in digestive system neoplasms will be summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
With the advance of biology technology, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been confirmed to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of the cancer. The ncRNA can be divided into two groups by length, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). As a member of lncRNA,LINC00152(long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 152)has been taken into cancer research, which can regulate the activity of miRNA and involve the regulation of gene transcription of gene transcription and protein generation. The characteristics of LINC00152 that correlate with many clinical manifestations and can be detected in liquid biopsies make it becoming new biomarkers of cancer diagnosis. This paper reviews the current progress of LINC00152 in gastrointestinal cancer.
ABSTRACT
As the crucial member of noncoding RNA family,there is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNA has participated in numerous physiological and pathological processes of organisms.HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA is a long noncoding transcript located at the 5'tip of HOXA.According to research reports,the up-regulation of HOTTIP is closely associated with occurrence and progression of multiple digestive system cancers and promotes the carcinogenesis.The regulatory effect of long noncoding RNA HOXA distal transcript antisense in digestive system neoplasms will be summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a crucial three-stage kinase of the mitogen-activited protein kinase (MAPK) family,which plays an important role in MAPK pathway and other signaling pathways.In recent years,a large number of studies have found that aberrant expressing Tpl2 is involved in tumorigenesis and development of various cancers,and is expected to serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target.Therefore,to reveal the mechanism of Tpl2 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential interventional target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
ABSTRACT
It has been estimated that approximately 75% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA, 74% of which would be transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA).The ncRNA can be divided into 2 major groups including small RNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).There is increasing evidence that the dysregulation of lncRNA is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many tumors.The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) is originally detected in a genomic screen for genes in response to taurine treatment of developing mouse retinal cells.According to research reports, dysregulation of TUG1 participates in the progression of a variety of tumors.Therefore, the regulatory effects of lncRNA TUG1 on tumorigenesis are summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of modern surgical techniques and surgical instruments,combined with mutiple artery-first approaches in pancrcaticoduodenectomy,can shorten the operation time effectively,reduce intraoperative blood loss,regulate lymph node dissection,improve R0 resection rate,and thus improve the prognosis of patients,has become an important surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer and periampullary cancer.The principle of the proposed basis is mainly based on "anatomical basis no-touch concept" and " pancreatic mesorectal excision" and the combination of the main approches:superior approach,posterior approach,interior approach (anterior approach,medial uncinate approach,mesentery approach).Pancreatic surgeons need to judge the position of the tumor and the intraoperative situation,weigh the benefits and disadvantages of each approach,so as to combine theory with practice,flexibility with principle.
ABSTRACT
Interferon regulatory factor -4 binding protein ( IBP ) , served as a novel type of microtubule binding protein ,is proven to play an important role in the immune system .New evidence suggests that the protein is associated with the occurrence and development of some malignant tumors through the effects of cytoskeletal re -modeling and cell conduction mechanism .Therefore researchers believe that IBP may become a new target for cancer molecular therapy .Based on the existing experimental data ,this study aims to investigate the structure of IBP,as well as its multiple oncology effects .Furthermore,we provide the theoretical basis for IBP targeted therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors .
ABSTRACT
With the advance of biology technology, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been confirmed to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of the cancer. The ncRNA can be divided into two groups by length, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). As a member of lncRNA,LINC00152(long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 152)has been taken into cancer research, which can regulate the activity of miRNA and involve the regulation of gene transcription of gene transcription and protein generation. The characteristics of LINC00152 that correlate with many clinical manifestations and can be detected in liquid biopsies make it becoming new biomarkers of cancer diagnosis. This paper reviews the current progress of LINC00152 in gastrointestinal cancer.
ABSTRACT
As long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) research boom,Maternally Expressed Gene 3(MEG3) as LncRNA family is also a widespread concern.MEG3 not been studied in benign disease,and malignant disease more and more in-depth research.MEG3 because of the uniqueness of the tumor suppressor much attention in cancer research,but its specific mechanism of action of tumor suppressor and associated pathways have not been yet entirely clear,remains to be further research and clarify.This article will be now anticancer activity MEG3 and related Pathway summarized.
ABSTRACT
The traditional distal pancreatosplenectomy (DPS) has been the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of resectable pancreatic carcinoma of body and tail.With the development of medical technology,however,the results including the rate of R0 resection,number of lymph nodes dissected and postoperative 5-year survival rate were not significantly improved after DPS.According to pancreatic anatomy and phylembryogenesis,combined with renewed tumor treatment concept,the radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was put forward after continuous exploration of pancreatic surgeons to improve prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma of body and tail.Compared with DPS,RAMPS has advantages of R0 resection rate and regional lymphadenectomy and might become the standard surgical procedure.
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the surgical skills of the pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach for the treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).Methods The clinical data of 1 patient with huge duodenal GIST combined with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and liver metastasis who was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient had continuous bleeding before the operation.The results of computed tomography (CT) showed that there was a solid tumor below the liver and in front of the right kidney,with the size of 12.2 cm × 8.1 cm,inferior vena cava was squeezed by the tumor,a solid tumor was detected in the right lobe of liver,and the colon was suspiciously invaded by the tumor.The patient received pancreaticoduodenectomy,right hemicolectomy and right lobectomy of liver metastases.The patient was followed up by out patient examination and telephone interview up to August 2014.Results The operation time,volume of blood loss and volume of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were 420 minutes,800 mL and 2 U,respectively,with a full recovery of patients.The duodenal GIST with metastasis tumor and necrosis located at the colon,pancreatis,liver and renal hilum was confirmed by pathological diagnosis.The life quality of the patient was good by follow-up at postoperative month 3.Conclusion In the pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach,surgeons perform vigorously the method of mesenteric approach at the first stage of operation,it could maximally reduce the risk of operation and the volume of blood loss.
ABSTRACT
Objective To construct microRNA (miRNA) expression vector targeting surviving,and to investigate its effect on transfected human colorectal carcinoma (HT-29) cell apoptosis and proliferation.Methods miRNA targeting survivin was synthesized and transfected HT-29 cells by lipofectin.HT-29 cells were cultured in the 6 orifices.The cultured cells were divided into control,liposome,negative control and positive control groups.Transient transfected cells were collected and the proliferation index and apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells were detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of survivin mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The proliferation index and apoptosis rate of the positive control group were significantly higher compared with normal group,transfection group and mock-vehicle group (17.98％ ± 2.35％ vs 38.04％ ±2.11％ vs 36.73％ ±2.51％ vs 36.57％ ±3.05％; t =20.05,P＜0.01; t =18.75,P＜0.01; t=18.59,P＜0.01; 19.54％ ±1.74％ vs 3.13％ ±0.29％ vs 3.70％ ±0.44％ vs 3.61％ ± 0.50％ ; t =16.40,P ＜ 0.01 ; t =15.84,P ＜ 0.01 ; t =15.92,P ＜ 0.01).Survivin mRNA and protein expression levels were specifically suppressed in transfected HT-29 cells (t =0.68,P ＜0.01 ; t =0.58,P ＜ 0.01; t=0.61,P＜0.01;t=0.64,P＜0.01; t=0.62,P＜0.01;t=0.67,P＜0.01).Conclusion Survivin targeted silence can effectively decrease the expression of survivin mRNA and protein,induce colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and determine their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods Expression levels of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were detected by the SP immunohistochemical technique in 64 cases of HCC and 15 normal liver tissues.Results Frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were found in 42 (65.6％) and 45 (70.3％) of tumor specimens respectively,which was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues.The expression of frizzled-7 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of β-catenin (P ＜ 0.05) in HCC.The high expression of frizzled-7 was closely correlated to tumor size (P =0.014),histologic grade (P =0.020),portal vein tumor thrombus (P =0.034),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.030),TNM stage (P =0.022),and HBsAg (P =0.025),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (47.6％ vs.13.2％).The expression of β-catenin protein was significantly associated with histologic grade (P =0.012),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.010),and TNM stage (P =0.026),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (36.8％ vs.20.0％).Conclusions Frizzled-7 is overexpressed in HCC and associated with decreased postoperative survival.Moreover,frizzled-7 may up-regulate the expression of β-catenin and promote β-catenin-mediated tumor invasion and recurrence.
ABSTRACT
As one of the gastrointestinal malignancies,pancreatic cancer is well known because of high degree of malignancy,low survival rate and very poor prognosis.Lymphatic metastasis,the most important metastasis of pancreatic cancer,has the characteristics of metastasis in an early stage and high occurrence rate.Recently,some studies have suggested that widespread micrometastasis of lymph nodes occurring in the early stage of pancreatic cancer could play an important role in influencing postoperative neoplasm recurrence.Further studies on lymph node micrometastasis of pancreatic cancer are needed to help to understand pancreatic cancer more deeply and to comprehend metastasis rule more clearly.So we can choose more reasonable surgical treatment for every patient,achieving individual treatment,so as to improve the prognosis of the pancreatic cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy is the only effective method for the treatment of malignancies in the pancreatic head and the periampulary region.Early determination of the involvement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)is important for the selection of the surgical procedure and judgment of the prognosis.The operation should follow the principle of tumor-free and adequate resection range,safe resection margin and complete lymph node resection.For this purpose,we performed the radical pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach.The SMA was dissected first,and then the tumor was en-bloc resected.From December 2011 to December 2012,24 patients with tumors in the pancreatic head or the periampullary region received radical pancreaticoduodenectomy via the mesenteric approach at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,and the short-term outcome was satisfactory.